Placebo and Nocebo Effects Are Defined by Opposite Opioid and Dopaminergic Responses
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Placebo and nocebo effects are defined by opposite opioid and dopaminergic responses.
CONTEXT Placebo and nocebo effects, the therapeutic and adverse effects, respectively, of inert substances or sham procedures, represent serious confounds in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. They are also an example of cognitive processes, particularly expectations, capable of influencing physiology. OBJECTIVE To examine the contribution of 2 different neurotransmitters, the endog...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Archives of General Psychiatry
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0003-990X
DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.34